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    Marketplace / How a Smoke Detector Works

    How a Smoke Detector Works

    The cheap plastic disc on your ceiling is doing real physics — and one common type contains a tiny speck of radioactive material. This short course explains the two ways smoke detectors sense a fire (an ionization current broken by smoke, and a light beam scattered by smoke), why each catches different kinds of fires, and how to keep yours working — including why a smoke alarm is not a carbon-monoxide detector.

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    By Cole O'Connell

    Beginner
    Free
    Bite-sized
    How a Smoke Detector Works
    Free

    5 lessons

    ~40m

    30-day money-back guarantee

    Lifetime access

    Published Jul 2026

    About this course

    The cheap plastic disc on your ceiling is doing real physics — and one common type contains a tiny speck of radioactive material. This short course explains the two ways smoke detectors sense a fire (an ionization current broken by smoke, and a light beam scattered by smoke), why each catches different kinds of fires, and how to keep yours working — including why a smoke alarm is not a carbon-monoxide detector.

    What you'll learn

    • Distinguish ionization and photoelectric smoke detectors and the fires each catches first
    • Explain how an ionization detector uses a tiny radioactive source to sense smoke
    • Explain how a photoelectric detector uses scattered light to sense smoke
    • Apply practical guidance on choosing, placing, and maintaining smoke alarms

    Prerequisites

    • • Curiosity about everyday science — no physics background needed

    Curriculum (5 lessons)

    The Lessons

    • Two Ways to Sense Smoke
    • The Ionization Detector (and Its Speck of Americium)
    • The Photoelectric Detector
    • Which to Use, and Keeping It Working

    Final Check

    • Final Check: How a Smoke Detector Works

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